Transport of nitrogen in soil water following the application of animal manures to sloping grassland
نویسندگان
چکیده
A field experiment was conducted on a sloping grassland soil in southwest England to investigate the downslope transport of nitrogen in soil water following the application of cattle manure, slurry and inorganic fertilizer. Transport of nitrogen (N) species was monitored on hydrologically isolated plots. Manure (50 t ha"), slurry (50 m ha") and fertilizer (250 kg N ha") were applied in February/March 1992. Subsurface water movement, by both matrix and preferential flow, was the dominant flow route during the experiment. Subsurface and surface nutrient flow pathways were monitored by analysing soil water and surface runoff for NO3-N, NH4-N and total N. Subsurface flow chemistry was dominated by NO3-N, with concentrations usually between 2 and 5 mgN0 3 -N dm" . Differences between fertilizer and manure treatments and the untreated control were not significant. Significantly elevated NO3-N concentrations were observed in soil water in the buffer zone, indicating the importance of a buffer zone at least 10 m wide between manure spreading zones and an adjacent water course. Transport d'azote après l'épandage de fumier animal sur des prairies en pente Résumé Une expérience a été réalisée sur le sol de prairies en pente du sud-ouest de l'Angleterre pour étudier le transport d'azote après l'épandage de fumier de vache, de purin et d'engrais inorganiques. Le transport d'azote (N) a été mesuré sur des parcelles isolées sur le plan hydrologique. Le fumier (50 t ha"), le purin (50 m a") et les engrais (250 kg ha"') ont été épandus en février/mars 1992. L'écoulement souterrain de l'eau, que ce soit dans la matrice ou selon des écoulements préférentiels, représente la fraction dominante de l'écoulement au cours de l'expérience. Les flux des éléments nutritifs, sous et sur la surface ont été évalués à partir de l'analyse de NO3-N, NH4-N et N-total de l'eau du sol et celle du ruissellement. Le NO3-N domine la composition chimique de l'écoulement de subsurface avec des concentrations allant de 2 à 5 mg de NO3-N dm"". Les différences entre les zones soumises à l'épandage d'engrais ou de fumier et une zone témoin non-traitée ne sont pas considérables. Des concentrations de NO3-N importantes ont été observées dans l'eau d'écoulement de la zone tampon, soulignant l'importance d'une zone tampon d'au moins 10 m de large entre les zones d'épandage et le cours d'eau.
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